Publications
Forthcoming
Benitez, V., *Bulgarelli, F., Byers-Heinlein, K., Saffran, J. & Weiss, D.J. (accepted) Statistical learning of multiple speech streams: A challenge for monolingual infants. Developmental Science
*Bulgarelli, F., Weiss, D.J., (in press) The more the merrier? The impact of talker variability on artificial grammar learning in preschoolers and adults. Proceedings of the 42nd Annual Boston University Conference on Language Development
Lange, K.V., Miller, C.A., Weiss, D.J., & Karuza, K.A. (accepted) Sensitivity to temporal community structure in the language domain. Proceedings of the 41st Meeting of the Cognitive Science Society.
Park, J.S., Miller, C., Sanjeevan, T., van Hell, J., Weiss, D.J., Minela- Arnold, E. (accepted) Bilingualism and attention in typically developing children and children with developmental language disorder. Journal of Speech, Language, and Hearing Research.
Weiss, D.J., *Schwob, N., & *Lebkuecher, A. (accepted) Bilingualism and statistical learning: Lessons from studies using artificial languages Bilingualism: Language and Cognition
2019
*Bulgarelli, F., Bosch, L., & Weiss, D.J. (2019) Multi-pattern visual statistical learning in monolinguals and bilinguals. Frontiers in Psychology, 10, 240, doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2019.00204
*George, N.R., *Bulgarelli, F., Roe, M. & Weiss, D.J. (2019) Stacking the evidence: Parents' use of acoustic packaging with preschoolers. Cognition, 191, 103956
*Heimbauer, L.A., *Johns, T. & Weiss, D.J. (2019) Inferential reasoning in the visual and auditory modalities by cotton-top tamarins (Saguinus oedipus) Journal of Comparative Psychology
2018
*Bulgarelli, F., *Lebkuecher, A.L., & Weiss, D.J. (2018). Bilingualism and statistical learning.Language, Speech, and Hearing Services in Schools, 49, 740-753. doi:10.1044/2018_LSHSS-STLT1-17-0139
Park, J.S., Miller, C., Rosenbaum, D.A., Sanjeevan, T., van Hell, J., Weiss, D.J., Minela-Arnold, E. (2018). Bilingualism and Procedural Learning In Typically Developing Children And Children With Language Impairments. Journal of Speech, Language, and Hearing Research, 1-11. doi:10.1044/2017_JSLHR-L-16-0409
Prétôt, L., Weiss, D.J., & Brosnan, S.F. (2018) Do non-human primates ascribe intentional action to the choices of conspecifics? Animal Behavior and Cognition, 5 (1), 41-54.
2017
*Bulgarelli, F., Benitez, V., Saffran, J., Byers-Heinlein, K., & Weiss, D.J. (2017) Statistical learning of multiple structures by 8-month-old infants. Proceedings of the 41st Annual Boston University Conference on Language Development
MacDonald, M.C., & Weiss, D.J. (2017). Structural priming, action planning, and grammar. A commentary on Branigan & Pickering: An experimental approach to linguistic representation. Brain & Behavioral Science 40. doi:10.1017/S0140525X17000498
Weiss, D.J., *Bulgarelli, F., Navarro-Torres, C., & Morales, J. (2017). Translating research to practice in the language sciences. Translational Issues in Psychological Science, 3 (1), 1-4.
2016
*Bulgarelli, F., & Weiss, D.J. (2016) Anchors aweigh: The impact of overlearning on entrenchment effects in statistical learning. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition
*George, N.R., Kanero, J., Chwilla, D.J. & Weiss, D.J. (2016) Are we ON the same page? Monolingual and bilingual acquisition of familiar and novel relational language Proceedings of 38th Annual Conference of the Cognitive Science Society, 111-116.
Karuza, E., Li, P., Weiss, D.J., *Bulgarelli, F., Zinszer, B. & Aslin, R.N. (2016) Neural substrates underlying the primacy effect in statistical learning Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience, 10):1484-500. doi: 10.1162/jocn_a_00990.
*Mitchel, A. D., Gerfen, C., & Weiss, D. J. (2016). Audiovisual perceptual learning with multiple speakers. Journal of Phonetics, 56, 66-74.
*Poepsel, T. J., & Weiss, D. J. (2016). The influence of bilingualism on statistical word learning. Cognition, 152, 9-19.
Puts, D. A., Hill, A. K., Bailey, D. H., Walker, R. S., Rendall, D., Wheatley, J. R., Welling, L.L.M., Dawood, K., Cárdenas, R., Burriss, R.P., Jablonski, N. G., Shriver, M.D., Weiss, D., Lameira, A.R., Apicella, C.L., Owren, M.J., Barelli, C., Glenn, M.E., & Ramos-Fernandez, G. (2016). Sexual selection on male vocal fundamental frequency in humans and other anthropoids. Proceedings of the Royal Society B, 283, 1829, 20152830). The Royal Society.
2015
Weiss, D.J., *Poepsel, T., & Gerfen, C. (2015) Tracking multiple inputs: The challenge of bilingual statistical learning. Rebuschat, P. (Ed.) Implicit and Explicit Learning of Languages. p167-190. John Benjamins Press.
Sanjeevan, T., Rosenbaum, D. A., Miller, C., van Hell, J. G., Weiss, D. J., & Mainela-Arnold, E. (2015). Motor Issues in Specific Language Impairment: a Window into the Underlying Impairment. Current Developmental Disorders Reports, 1-9.
Polka, L., Bohn, O., & Weiss, D.J. (2015) Learning about vowel perception from cross-species comparisons: task demands matter. Frontiers in Psychology, 6, DOI=10.3389/fpsyg.2015.00941
*Linck, J. & Weiss, D.J. (2015) Working memory predicts second language classroom learning. Sage Open, 5 (4), DOI: 10.1177/ 2158244015607352
Hotchkin, C.F., Parks, S.E., Weiss, D.J. (2015) Noise-Induced Frequency Modifications of Tamarin Vocalizations: Implications for Noise Compensation in Nonhuman Primates, PLoS One,10(6), DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0130211
Wunsch, K., Weiss, D. J., Schack, T., & Weigelt, M. (2015). Second-order motor planning in children: insights from a cup-manipulation-task. Psychological Research,9(4):669-77. doi: 10.1007/s00426-014-0596-y
Weiss, D.J., *Poepsel, T., & Gerfen, C. (2015) Tracking multiple inputs: The challenge of bilingual statistical learning. Rebuschat, P. (Ed.) Implicit and Explicit Learning of Languages. p167-190. John Benjamins Press.
Sanjeevan, T., Rosenbaum, D. A., Miller, C., van Hell, J. G., Weiss, D. J., & Mainela-Arnold, E. (2015). Motor Issues in Specific Language Impairment: a Window into the Underlying Impairment. Current Developmental Disorders Reports, 1-9.
Polka, L., Bohn, O., & Weiss, D.J. (2015) Learning about vowel perception from cross-species comparisons: task demands matter. Frontiers in Psychology, 6, DOI=10.3389/fpsyg.2015.00941
*Linck, J. & Weiss, D.J. (2015) Working memory predicts second language classroom learning. Sage Open, 5 (4), DOI: 10.1177/ 2158244015607352
Hotchkin, C.F., Parks, S.E., Weiss, D.J. (2015) Noise-Induced Frequency Modifications of Tamarin Vocalizations: Implications for Noise Compensation in Nonhuman Primates, PLoS One,10(6), DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0130211
Wunsch, K., Weiss, D. J., Schack, T., & Weigelt, M. (2015). Second-order motor planning in children: insights from a cup-manipulation-task. Psychological Research,9(4):669-77. doi: 10.1007/s00426-014-0596-y
2014
Rosenbaum, D.A., Herbort, O., Van der Wel, R., & Weiss, D.J. (2014) What’s in a Grasp? American Scientist, 102(5), 366-371. DOI: 10.1511/2014.110.366
Weiss, D.J., Hotchkin, C.F., Parks, S.E. (2014) Modification of spectral features in nonhuman primates. A commentary on Ackerman, Hage, & Ziegler: Brain mechanisms of acoustic communication in humans and nonhuman primates: An evolutionary perspective. Brain & Behavioral Science 37(6):574-576.
Weiss, D.J. (2014) Statistical Learning in Infancy. For Brooks, P, Kempe, V., & Golson, J.G. (Eds.) Encyclopedia of Language Development. SAGE.
*Poepsel, T.J. & Weiss, D.J. (2014) Context influences conscious appraisal of cross-situational learning. Frontiers in Psychology, 5:691. doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2014.00691
*Mitchel, A. D., & Weiss, D. J. (2014). Visual speech segmentation: using facial cues to locate word boundaries in continuous speech. Language, Cognition, & Neuroscience, 29:7, 771-780, DOI:10.1080/01690965.2013.791703
*Mitchel, A.D., Christiansen, M.H. & Weiss, D.J. (2014). Multimodal integration in statistical learning: Evidence from the McGurk illusion. Frontiers in Psychology, 5: 407. doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2014.00407.
Rosenbaum, D.A., Herbort, O., Van der Wel, R., & Weiss, D.J. (2014) What’s in a Grasp? American Scientist, 102(5), 366-371. DOI: 10.1511/2014.110.366
Weiss, D.J., Hotchkin, C.F., Parks, S.E. (2014) Modification of spectral features in nonhuman primates. A commentary on Ackerman, Hage, & Ziegler: Brain mechanisms of acoustic communication in humans and nonhuman primates: An evolutionary perspective. Brain & Behavioral Science 37(6):574-576.
Weiss, D.J. (2014) Statistical Learning in Infancy. For Brooks, P, Kempe, V., & Golson, J.G. (Eds.) Encyclopedia of Language Development. SAGE.
*Poepsel, T.J. & Weiss, D.J. (2014) Context influences conscious appraisal of cross-situational learning. Frontiers in Psychology, 5:691. doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2014.00691
*Mitchel, A. D., & Weiss, D. J. (2014). Visual speech segmentation: using facial cues to locate word boundaries in continuous speech. Language, Cognition, & Neuroscience, 29:7, 771-780, DOI:10.1080/01690965.2013.791703
*Mitchel, A.D., Christiansen, M.H. & Weiss, D.J. (2014). Multimodal integration in statistical learning: Evidence from the McGurk illusion. Frontiers in Psychology, 5: 407. doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2014.00407.
2013
Zander, S., Weiss, D.J., & Judge, P.G., (2013) The interface between morphology and action planning: A comparison of two species of New World monkeys. Animal Behaviour, 86, 1251-1258.
Chapman, K.M. & Weiss, D.J. (2013) Pulling to Scale: Motor planning for sequences of repeated actions by cotton-top tamarins (Saguinus oedipus). Journal of Experimental Psychology: Animal Behavior Processes, Vol 39(2), 180-186. doi: 10.1037/a0031775
Hotchkin, C.F., Parks, S.E., & Weiss, D.J. (2013) Vocal modifications in primates: Interactions of noise and behavioral context on the acoustic structure of vocalizations. Proceedings of Meetings on Acoustics, (19).
Zinszer, B. & Weiss, D.J. (2013) When to hold and when to fold: Detecting structural changes in statistical learning. Proceedings of the 32nd Annual Conference of the Cognitive Science Society, 3858-3863.
Zander, S., Weiss, D.J., & Judge, P.G., (2013) The interface between morphology and action planning: A comparison of two species of New World monkeys. Animal Behaviour, 86, 1251-1258.
Chapman, K.M. & Weiss, D.J. (2013) Pulling to Scale: Motor planning for sequences of repeated actions by cotton-top tamarins (Saguinus oedipus). Journal of Experimental Psychology: Animal Behavior Processes, Vol 39(2), 180-186. doi: 10.1037/a0031775
Hotchkin, C.F., Parks, S.E., & Weiss, D.J. (2013) Vocal modifications in primates: Interactions of noise and behavioral context on the acoustic structure of vocalizations. Proceedings of Meetings on Acoustics, (19).
Zinszer, B. & Weiss, D.J. (2013) When to hold and when to fold: Detecting structural changes in statistical learning. Proceedings of the 32nd Annual Conference of the Cognitive Science Society, 3858-3863.
2012
Weiss, D.J., Chapman, K.M., Wark, J., & Rosenbaum, D.A. (2012) Motor planning in primates. A commentary on Vaesen, K., The cognitive basis of human tool use, Brain & Behavioral Science, 35(4),1-60.
*Mitchel, A. & Weiss, D.J. (2012) The use of facial cues for speech segmentation. Proceedings of the 36th Annual Boston University Conference on Language Development, Volume 2, 361-373.
*Poepsel, T., Gerfen, C. & Weiss, D.J. (2012) Context, mutual exclusivity, and the challenge of multiple mappings in word learning. Proceedings of the 36th Annual Boston University Conference on Language Development, Volume 2, 474-486.
Rosenbaum, D.A., Chapman, K.M., Weigelt, M., Weiss, D.J., & Van der Wel, R., (2012) Cognition action and object manipulation: The end-state comfort effect. Psychological Bulletin, 138(5), 924-946. doi: 10.1037/a0027839
Rosenbaum, D.A., Chapman, K.M., Weigelt, M., Weiss, D.J., & Van der Wel, R., (2012) Cognition, action, and object manipulation. Psychological Bulletin, 138(5), 924-946. doi: 10.1037/a0027839
Weiss, D.J., Chapman, K.M., Wark, J., & Rosenbaum, D.A. (2012) Motor planning in primates. A commentary on Vaesen, K., The cognitive basis of human tool use, Brain & Behavioral Science, 35(4),1-60.
*Mitchel, A. & Weiss, D.J. (2012) The use of facial cues for speech segmentation. Proceedings of the 36th Annual Boston University Conference on Language Development, Volume 2, 361-373.
*Poepsel, T., Gerfen, C. & Weiss, D.J. (2012) Context, mutual exclusivity, and the challenge of multiple mappings in word learning. Proceedings of the 36th Annual Boston University Conference on Language Development, Volume 2, 474-486.
Rosenbaum, D.A., Chapman, K.M., Weigelt, M., Weiss, D.J., & Van der Wel, R., (2012) Cognition action and object manipulation: The end-state comfort effect. Psychological Bulletin, 138(5), 924-946. doi: 10.1037/a0027839
Rosenbaum, D.A., Chapman, K.M., Weigelt, M., Weiss, D.J., & Van der Wel, R., (2012) Cognition, action, and object manipulation. Psychological Bulletin, 138(5), 924-946. doi: 10.1037/a0027839
2011
*Linck, J. & Weiss, D.J. (2011) Working memory predicts the acquisition of explicit L2 knowledge. In Sanz, C. & Leow, R.P. (Eds.) Implicit and Explicit Language Learning: Conditions Processes and Knowledge in SLA and Bilingualism. Georgetown University Press.
*Mitchel, A. & Weiss, D.J. (2011) Simultaneous statistical learning in two modalities: Evidence for modality-general accounts. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 37(5), 1081-1091.
*Mitchel, A. & Weiss, D.J. (2011) Learning across senses: Cross-Modal effects in multisensory statistical learning. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition,37(5), 1081-1091.
*Linck, J. & Weiss, D.J. (2011) Working memory predicts the acquisition of explicit L2 knowledge. In Sanz, C. & Leow, R.P. (Eds.) Implicit and Explicit Language Learning: Conditions Processes and Knowledge in SLA and Bilingualism. Georgetown University Press.
*Mitchel, A. & Weiss, D.J. (2011) Simultaneous statistical learning in two modalities: Evidence for modality-general accounts. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 37(5), 1081-1091.
*Mitchel, A. & Weiss, D.J. (2011) Learning across senses: Cross-Modal effects in multisensory statistical learning. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition,37(5), 1081-1091.
2010
*Chapman, K.M., Weiss, D.J., & Rosenbaum, D.A. (2010). Evolutionary roots of motor planning: The end-state comfort effect in lemurs. Journal of Comparative Psychology¸124(2), 229-232.
Weiss, D.J. & *Chapman, K. (2010) Animal Learning and Behavior. In Weiner, I.B. & Craighead, W.E.(eds.) The Corsini Encyclopedia of Psychology 4th Edition, (1), 107-110, Wiley & Sons: Hoboken, N.J.
*Mitchel, A. & Weiss, D.J. (2010) What's in a face? Visual contributions to speech segmentation. Language and Cognitive Processes, 25(4), 456-482.
Weiss, D.J., Gerfen, C., & *Mitchel, A.(2010) Colliding cues in word segmentation: The role of cue strength and general cognitive processes. Language and Cognitive Processes, 25(3), 402-422.
*Chapman, K.M., Weiss, D.J., & Rosenbaum, D.A. (2010). Evolutionary roots of motor planning: The end-state comfort effect in lemurs. Journal of Comparative Psychology¸124(2), 229-232.
Weiss, D.J. & *Chapman, K. (2010) Animal Learning and Behavior. In Weiner, I.B. & Craighead, W.E.(eds.) The Corsini Encyclopedia of Psychology 4th Edition, (1), 107-110, Wiley & Sons: Hoboken, N.J.
*Mitchel, A. & Weiss, D.J. (2010) What's in a face? Visual contributions to speech segmentation. Language and Cognitive Processes, 25(4), 456-482.
Weiss, D.J., Gerfen, C., & *Mitchel, A.(2010) Colliding cues in word segmentation: The role of cue strength and general cognitive processes. Language and Cognitive Processes, 25(3), 402-422.
2009
Weiss, D.J. & *Wark, J. (2009). Hysteresis effect in a motor task in cotton-top tamarins (Saguinus oedipus). Journal of Experimental Psychology: Animal Behavior Processes, 35 (3), 135-141.
*Mitchel, A. D. & Weiss, D.J. (2009) Faces in segmentation: The role of audio-visual integration. Proceedings of the 33rd Annual Boston University Conference on Language Development,667-678.
Weiss, D.J., Gerfen, C. & *Mitchel, A.D. (2009) Speech segmentation in a simulated bilingual environment: A challenge for statistical learning? Language Learning and Development 5, 30-49.
Weiss, D.J. & *Wark, J. (2009). Hysteresis effect in a motor task in cotton-top tamarins (Saguinus oedipus). Journal of Experimental Psychology: Animal Behavior Processes, 35 (3), 135-141.
*Mitchel, A. D. & Weiss, D.J. (2009) Faces in segmentation: The role of audio-visual integration. Proceedings of the 33rd Annual Boston University Conference on Language Development,667-678.
Weiss, D.J., Gerfen, C. & *Mitchel, A.D. (2009) Speech segmentation in a simulated bilingual environment: A challenge for statistical learning? Language Learning and Development 5, 30-49.
2008
Maye J., Weiss, D.J. & Aslin R.N. (2008) Statistical phonetic learning in infants: Facilitation and feature generalization. Developmental Science, 11(1), 122-134.
Weiss, D.J., Gerfen, C., & *Mitchel, A. (2008) Colliding cues in word segmentation: The role of cue strength and individual differences. Proceedings of the 32nd Annual Boston University Conference on Language Development, 537-549.
Weiss, D.J. & Maye, J. (2008) The role of contrast in the acquisition of phonetic systems. Avery, P., Rice, K., and Dresher, B.E. (Eds.) Contrast in Phonology: Theory, Perception, Acquisition. Mouton de Gruyter (Berlin/ New York), 219-230.
Maye J., Weiss, D.J. & Aslin R.N. (2008) Statistical phonetic learning in infants: Facilitation and feature generalization. Developmental Science, 11(1), 122-134.
Weiss, D.J., Gerfen, C., & *Mitchel, A. (2008) Colliding cues in word segmentation: The role of cue strength and individual differences. Proceedings of the 32nd Annual Boston University Conference on Language Development, 537-549.
Weiss, D.J. & Maye, J. (2008) The role of contrast in the acquisition of phonetic systems. Avery, P., Rice, K., and Dresher, B.E. (Eds.) Contrast in Phonology: Theory, Perception, Acquisition. Mouton de Gruyter (Berlin/ New York), 219-230.
2007
Weiss, D.J., *Wark, J. & Rosenbaum, D.A. (2007) Monkey see, monkey plan, monkey do: The end-state comfort effect in cotton-top tamarins (Saguinus oedipus). Psychological Science, 18(12), 1063-1068.
Rosenbaum, D.A., Cohen, R.G., Jax, S.A., Weiss, D.J. & van der Wel, R. (2007) The problem of serial order in behavior: Lashley's Legacy. Human Movement Science, 26, 525-554.
Weiss, D.J., *Wark, J. & Rosenbaum, D.A. (2007) Monkey see, monkey plan, monkey do: The end-state comfort effect in cotton-top tamarins (Saguinus oedipus). Psychological Science, 18(12), 1063-1068.
Rosenbaum, D.A., Cohen, R.G., Jax, S.A., Weiss, D.J. & van der Wel, R. (2007) The problem of serial order in behavior: Lashley's Legacy. Human Movement Science, 26, 525-554.
2006
Weiss, D.J. & Newport E. (2006) Mechanisms underlying language acquisition: Benefits from a comparative approach. Infancy 9(2), 241-257.
Weiss, D.J. & Santos, L. (2006) Introduction to Thematic Collection: Why Primates?: The Importance of Non-Human Primates for Understanding Human Infancy. Infancy 9(2), 133-146.
Weiss, D.J. & Gerfen, C. (2006) Speech segmentation in a bilingual environment. Proceedings of the 30th Annual Boston University Conference on Language Development
Weiss, D.J. & Newport E. (2006) Mechanisms underlying language acquisition: Benefits from a comparative approach. Infancy 9(2), 241-257.
Weiss, D.J. & Santos, L. (2006) Introduction to Thematic Collection: Why Primates?: The Importance of Non-Human Primates for Understanding Human Infancy. Infancy 9(2), 133-146.
Weiss, D.J. & Gerfen, C. (2006) Speech segmentation in a bilingual environment. Proceedings of the 30th Annual Boston University Conference on Language Development
2003
Maye, J. & Weiss, D.J. (2003) Statistical cues facilitate infants’ discrimination of difficult phonetic contrasts. Proceedings of the 27th Annual Boston University Conference on Language Development
Maye, J. & Weiss, D.J. (2003) Statistical cues facilitate infants’ discrimination of difficult phonetic contrasts. Proceedings of the 27th Annual Boston University Conference on Language Development
2002
Miller C., Weiss, D.J. & Hauser, M.D. (2002) Mechanisms of acoustic classification in primates. In A. Ghazanfar (Ed.), Primate Audition: Ethology and Neurobiology. CRC Press. 43-61.
Weiss, D.J., Ghazanfar, A.A., Miller, C.T., & Hauser, M.D. (2002). Specialized processing of primate facial and vocal expressions: Evidence for cerebral asymmetries. In L. Rogers and R. Andrew (Eds.), Comparative Vertebrate Laterality. 480-531.
Weiss, D.J. & Hauser, M.D. (2002) Perception of harmonics in the combination long call of cotton-top tamarins (Saguinus oedipus) Animal Behaviour 64, 415-426.
Miller C., Weiss, D.J. & Hauser, M.D. (2002) Mechanisms of acoustic classification in primates. In A. Ghazanfar (Ed.), Primate Audition: Ethology and Neurobiology. CRC Press. 43-61.
Weiss, D.J., Ghazanfar, A.A., Miller, C.T., & Hauser, M.D. (2002). Specialized processing of primate facial and vocal expressions: Evidence for cerebral asymmetries. In L. Rogers and R. Andrew (Eds.), Comparative Vertebrate Laterality. 480-531.
Weiss, D.J. & Hauser, M.D. (2002) Perception of harmonics in the combination long call of cotton-top tamarins (Saguinus oedipus) Animal Behaviour 64, 415-426.
2001
Weiss D.J., Kralik, J.D., & Hauser, M.D. (2001). Face processing in cotton-top tamarins (Saguinus oedipus). Animal Cognition, 3,(4)191-205.
Weiss, D.J., Garibaldi, B. T., & Hauser, M. D. (2001). The production and perception of long calls by cotton-top tamarins (Saguinus oedipus): Acoustic analyses and playback experiments. Journal of Comparative Psychology, 15(3), 258-271.
Weiss D.J., Kralik, J.D., & Hauser, M.D. (2001). Face processing in cotton-top tamarins (Saguinus oedipus). Animal Cognition, 3,(4)191-205.
Weiss, D.J., Garibaldi, B. T., & Hauser, M. D. (2001). The production and perception of long calls by cotton-top tamarins (Saguinus oedipus): Acoustic analyses and playback experiments. Journal of Comparative Psychology, 15(3), 258-271.